India's Make in India agenda to boost local manufacturing and reduce reliance on China for imports faces several challenges. The solar power industry, for example, illustrates the difficulty in scaling up local production as the industry struggles to meet rising solar module demands. In addition, even when India succeeds in developing local manufacturing, it still has a considerable dependence on China for critical intermediate inputs. India's project to become self-reliant in manufacturing must depend on Chinese imports, at least initially, as local supply chains require time to develop comparable ecosystems.